Step-by-Step Guide to Making Mortise and Tenon Joints
The mortise and tenon joint is one of the oldest—and strongest—woodworking joints. It’s been used for centuries to create rock-solid furniture and frames that last for generations.
And while it might look intimidating at first glance, you don’t need years of experience to master it.
💬 In fact, with the right tools, a few insider tips, and a proven method, you can create tight-fitting joints that feel like they belong in high-end furniture stores.
This beginner-friendly guide walks you through the entire process—from marking to cutting to gluing—and includes a free bonus pack of beginner plans so you can apply what you learn right away.
✅ What You’ll Learn:
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What a mortise and tenon joint is (and why it’s essential)
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Step-by-step instructions to cut your first joint by hand or power tools
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The exact tools you need (no fluff or upsells)
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Pro tips and beginner mistakes to avoid
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How to practice this joint with real projects—even if you're just starting out
What Is a Mortise and Tenon Joint?
A mortise and tenon joint connects two pieces of wood—usually at a 90° angle—in a way that’s both elegant and nearly indestructible when done correctly.
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Mortise: A rectangular hole cut into one piece of wood
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Tenon: A matching tongue (or peg) cut on the other piece
Common in: chairs, tables, cabinets, doors, and heirloom furniture.
Tools You’ll Need
You don’t need a workshop full of expensive gear. Here’s what you’ll actually use:
🖐️ Manual Tools:
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Marking gauge (for precise layouts)
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Mortise chisel & mallet (for clean, accurate mortise cuts)
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Tenon saw or dovetail saw (to shape the tenon)
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Ruler, square, pencil (for accurate measuring and marking)
⚡ Optional Power Tools:
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Drill press or mortiser (for fast mortise removal)
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Bandsaw or table saw (for shaping tenons)
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Router with guide (for detailed or rounded tenon work)
Pro Tip: If you’re just starting out, hand tools are all you need. Master the technique first—then upgrade for speed.
Step-by-Step: How to Make a Mortise and Tenon Joint
🔹 Step 1: Mark Your Layout
Use your square and marking gauge to mark both parts at the same time. This ensures perfect alignment.
🔹 Step 2: Cut the Mortise
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Start with a drill press or mallet and chisel
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Remove waste gradually—don’t rush
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Keep your edges straight and bottom flat
🔹 Step 3: Cut the Tenon
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Saw the cheeks first, then the shoulders
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Use light strokes and let the saw do the work
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Test fit often—it should slide in snugly without force
🔹 Step 4: Test Fit & Glue
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Always dry fit first
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Apply wood glue evenly inside the mortise and on tenon faces
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Clamp securely and check for squareness before letting it cure
Avoid These Common Mistakes
❌ Skipping the Dry Fit
→ Always test before gluing—it could save your entire project.
❌ Poor Marking or Layout
→ Use a marking gauge and square to keep things aligned.
❌ Too Loose or Too Tight Fit
→ A good tenon should hold under gravity, but slide in by hand.
Want to Practice This Joint on a Real Project?
🎁 Download the Free Mortise & Tenon Starter Pack
Get 3 beginner-friendly woodworking plans that feature this classic joint in furniture you’ll love to build and use.
✅ Step-by-step guidance
✅ Printable diagrams
✅ Designed for small workshops
✅ No guesswork
Pro Tips for Perfect Mortise & Tenon Joints
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Practice on scrap wood first—it builds confidence.
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Undercut the bottom of the mortise slightly to help glue settle.
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Take your time. Precision beats speed every time.
Take Your Woodworking Skills to the Next Level
You’re not just learning a joint—you’re learning the foundation of professional joinery.
📦 Need a complete system to go from beginner to confident builder?
Check out Teds Woodworking Plans »
With over 16,000 done-for-you plans, you’ll never wonder what to build next.
Ready to Build Like a Pro?
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✅ Tired of weak joints that wobble?
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✅ Want your projects to last for years?
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✅ Need confidence before your next big build?
🔧 Then mastering mortise and tenon joinery is your next step.
Get the free project pack now and take action today:
Download Now & Start Building »
Final Thoughts
Learning the mortise and tenon joint puts you on the path to real woodworking mastery. It’s not just about strength—it’s about precision, craftsmanship, and the confidence to tackle bigger, better projects.
Don’t just read about it—build it.
Get your free beginner plans now »
And take the next step in your woodworking journey—one strong joint at a time.
FAQ: How to Make a Mortise and Tenon Joint
Q1: What are the basic steps to make a mortise and tenon joint?
A: First, mark the joint layout on both pieces of wood. Cut the mortise (rectangular hole) using chisels or a drill press. Then, cut the tenon (tongue) on the matching piece using a saw. Finally, test fit, adjust for a snug fit, glue, and clamp the joint.
Q2: What tools do I need to make a mortise and tenon joint?
A: Essential tools include a marking gauge, mortise chisel, mallet, tenon saw or dovetail saw, square, and pencil. Power tools like a drill press, mortiser, or router can speed up the process but are optional.
Q3: How tight should the tenon fit into the mortise?
A: The tenon should fit snugly enough to hold on its own but still slide in without excessive force. Too tight risks splitting, and too loose weakens the joint.
Q4: Can I make a mortise and tenon joint without power tools?
A: Absolutely. Many woodworkers use only hand tools like chisels and saws to create precise joints.
Q5: How do I ensure the mortise and tenon are aligned correctly?
A: Always mark both parts together using a marking gauge and square. Dry fit before gluing to check alignment and adjust if needed.
Q6: What wood types are best for learning mortise and tenon joints?
A: Start with softwoods like pine or poplar, which are easier to cut and forgiving for beginners.
Q7: Should I glue a mortise and tenon joint?
A: Yes, applying wood glue inside the mortise and on the tenon surfaces before assembly creates a strong, durable bond.
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